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String Theory is a developing branch of theoretical physics that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into a quantum theory of gravity. The Strings of string theory are one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer considered fundamental to the theory, which can be formulated in terms of points or surfaces too.

Since its birth as the dual resonance model which described the strongly interacting hadrons as strings, the term string theory has changed to include any of a group of related superstring theories which unite them. One shared property of all these theories is the holographic principle. String theory itself consists of many theories with different mathematical structure. The logical coherence of the approach, however, and the fact that string theory can include all older theories of physics, have led many physicists to believe that such a connection is possible. In particular, string theory is the first candidate for the theory of everything, a way to describe all the known natural forces (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak and strong) and matter (quarks and leptons) in a mathematically complete system. On the other hand, many detractors criticize string theory because it has not yet provided experimentally testable predictions. Like any other quantum theory of gravity, it is widely believed that testing the theory experimentally would require prohibitively expensive feats of engineering.

String theory is of interest to many physicists because of the mathematical consistency involved and because of the large number of forms that the theories can take. String theory strongly suggests that space time has eleven dimensions,[1] as opposed to the usual three space and one time, but the theory can easily describe universes with four observable space time dimensions as well.[2]

String theories include objects more general than strings, called banes. The word brane, derived from "membrane", refers to a variety of interrelated objects, such as D-branes, black p-branes and Neveu-Schwarz 5-branes. These are typically extended objects that source differential form generalizations of the vector potential electromagnetic field. All such objects are known to be related to one-another by a variety of dualities. For example, the black hole-like black p-branes are identified with D-branes, upon which strings end, through Gauge-gravity duality. Research on this equivalence has led to new insights on quantum chromodynamics, the fundamental theory of the strong nuclear force.

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